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1) What is adrenocortical insufficiency or Addison’s disease?

Addison's disease is a disorder in which the adrenal glands – which sit on top of the kidneys – do not produce enough of the hormones cortisol and aldosterone.

2) Can Addison's disease be cured?

While Addison's disease isn't curable, it can be treated, usually with a combination of medication and lifestyle adjustments. Treating Addison's disease involves taking hormones to replace those that your adrenal glands don't make. Hydrocortisone is the most common corticosteroid for replacing cortisol.

3) Is Addison's hereditary?

A predisposition to develop autoimmune Addison disease is passed through generations in families, but the inheritance pattern is unknown.

4) What is the most common cause of Addison disease?

Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common cause of Addison's disease worldwide, but it's rare in the UK. TB is a bacterial infection that mostly affects the lungs but can also spread to other parts of your body.

5) What were your first symptoms of Addison's disease?

Generalized weakness, low blood pressure when standing, chronic fatigue, weight loss (mostly from anorexia, partly from dehydration), extreme sensitivity to drugs such as narcotics, being nauseated and even sick, craving for salty foods.

6) What is diabetic acidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis is a serious complication of diabetes that occurs when your body produces high levels of blood acids called ketones.

7) What happens when you have diabetic ketoacidosis?

Diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a serious condition that can lead to diabetic coma (passing out for a long time) or even death. When your cells don't get the glucose they need for energy, your body begins to burn fat for energy, which produces ketones.

8) What is Conn’s syndrome?

Primary aldosteronism (also called Conn's syndrome) is a rare condition caused by overproduction of the hormone aldosterone that controls sodium and potassium in the blood. The condition is treated with medications and lifestyle changes to control blood pressure and in some cases surgery.

9) What causes primary hyperaldosteronism?

Most cases of primary hyperaldosteronism are caused by a noncancerous (benign) tumor of the adrenal gland. The condition mostly affects people 30 to 50 years old and is a common cause of high blood pressure in middle age.

10) What are the symptoms of primary aldosteronism?

• Muscle cramps.
• Weakness.
• Fatigue.
• Headache.
• Excessive thirst.
• A frequent need to urinate.

11) What is SIADH?

Syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretion (SIADH) is a condition in which the body makes too much antidiuretic hormone (ADH). This hormone helps the kidneys control the amount of water your body loses through the urine. SIADH causes the body to retain too much water.

12) What is the most common cause of Siadh?

The most common causes of SIADH are malignancy, pulmonary disorders, CNS disorders, and medication.

13) How serious is Siadh?

In severe cases, SIADH can cause confusion, seizures, and coma. Treatment usually begins with limiting fluid intake to prevent further buildup. Additional treatment will depend on the cause. Another name for the syndrome is “ectopic ADH secretion.”

14) What is renal tubular acidosis?

Renal tubular acidosis (RTA) occurs when the kidneys do not remove acids from the blood into the urine as they should. The acid level in the blood then becomes too high, a condition called acidosis.

15) What are the symptoms of renal tubular acidosis?

Symptoms of distal renal tubular acidosis include any of the following:

• Confusion or decreased alertness.
• Fatigue.
• Impaired growth in children.
• Increased breathing rate.
• Kidney stones.
• Nephrocalcinosis (too much calcium deposited in the kidneys)
• Osteomalacia (softening of the bones)
• Muscle weakness.

16) What happens if acidosis is not treated?

Without prompt treatment, acidosis may lead to the following health complications: kidney stones. chronic kidney problems. kidney failure.

17) What is congestive heart failure?

Heart failure, sometimes known as congestive heart failure, occurs when your heart muscle doesn't pump blood as well as it should. Certain conditions, such as narrowed arteries in your heart (coronary artery disease) or high blood pressure, gradually leave your heart too weak or stiff to fill and pump efficiently.

18) Can you live a long life with congestive heart failure?

Life expectancy with congestive heart failure varies depending on the severity of the condition, genetics, age, and other factors. According to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), around one-half of all people diagnosed with congestive heart failure will survive beyond five years.

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